äŒç€Ÿã®çµå¶ãåŸç¶è ãžè²æž¡ããéãæ³šæããªããã°ãªããªãã®ãæ ªåŒç§»è»¢ã«ãããçšéã§ãã
ã¹ã ãŒãºãªäºæ¥æ¿ç¶ãè¡ãããã«ã¯ãäºåã«èªç€Ÿæ ªã®çžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ãåŒãäžããŠããå¿ èŠãããã§ãããã
çžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã®åŒãäžãçãšããŠäººæ°ã®ææ³ã«ããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ããšããæè³ã®ã¹ããŒã ããããŸãã
ããã§ã¯ããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã掻çšããŠçžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã®åŒãäžããè¡ãä»çµã¿ã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŠããŸãã
çžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã®èšç®æ¹æ³ããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã§åŸããããã®ä»ã®ç¯çšã¡ãªããããŸãšããŠããã®ã§ãäºæ¥æ¿ç¶å¯Ÿçã§ãæ©ã¿ã®æ¹ã¯ãã²åèã«ããŠã¿ãŠãã ãããã
AFP(æ¥æ¬FPåäŒèªå®) / MDRTæçžŸè³æ ŒäŒå¡(COT)
ãã®èšäºã®ç£ä¿®æ åœè ïŒæžè°·å¹žåž
æ°åã§å€§æééŒå瀟ã«å ¥ç€Ÿã5幎åãæ¥æ¬ãæ¯ããééŒäŒæ¥ãšäžçã®æ©æž¡ãã«å°œåããåŸã2015幎å€è³ç³»å€§æçåœä¿éºäŒç€Ÿã«è»¢è·ã転è·åŸãåè·ã®ã客æ§ãéèæ¥ã®åŽé¢ããæ¯ããããšããæ³ãã§å¥®éããã
æ¥ã åãçµãã§ããäžã§ãäžçæ å¢ã®å€åããæ¥æ¬ç€ŸäŒã®å¶åºŠæ¹å®ãã客æ§ã®æèå€åãå¯ç¥ããèªèº«ã®äºæ¥å€é©ã決æã
2018幎倧æäžå Žéè代çåºã«å ¥ç€Ÿããçåœä¿éºæ¥ã«ãããŠã¯MDRTãCOTæçžŸè³æ ŒäŒå¡ãšå®çžŸã䌞ã°ãã€ã€ãæå±äŒç€Ÿã§æ±ã£ãŠããªãDCïŒç¢ºå®æ åºå¹ŽéïŒãªã©ãèªãäŒç€Ÿã®æ ãè¶ ããŠä»£çåºå¥çŽãããªã©å¢åçã«æŽ»åãçŸåšã¯ä¿éºå¶æ¥ãã³åãã®ã»ãããŒè¬åž«ãåãããå çããšããŠåæ¥è ããç±ãä¿¡é ŒãåããŠããã
åå¥çžè«ã®ãèŠæãæ¿ããŸãã®ã§ããæ°è»œã«ãåãåãããã ããã
ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ãšçžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã®é¢ä¿
çžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã®åŒãäžãã«æå¹ãªãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã§ãããã©ã®ãããªä»çµã¿ã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ãããŸãä»ã®ãªãŒã¹ååŒãšã®éããªã©ãããåãããªãéšåãå€ãã§ãããã
ãŸãã¯ããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã®æŠèŠãšãçžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã®åŒãäžãã«å¹æçãšãããçç±ã«ã€ããŠè©³ããèŠãŠãããŸãããã
ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã®æŠèŠ
ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ãšã¯ãé·æã«ããã£ãŠãªãŒã¹è³ç£ã®è²žãåºããè¡ããæéäžã®ãªãŒã¹æããã£ãã¿ã«ã²ã€ã³ïŒå£²è²·å·®çïŒã«ãã£ãŠå©çãåŸããªãŒã¹ååŒã®1ã€ã§ãã
æ³äººæè³å®¶ã¯ãªãŒã¹è³ç£ã®è³Œå ¥æã«åºè³ãè¡ãããšã§ããã®åºè³é¡ã«å¿ããæžäŸ¡ååŽè²»ãå©çãåãåããäŒç€Ÿã®æçãšããŠèšäžã§ããä»çµã¿ã§ãã
äž»ãªåãæ±ãç©ä»¶ã¯èªç©ºæ©ã»è¹è¶ã»ã³ã³ããã®3çš®é¡ã§ãããããæäœåºè³é¡ããªãŒã¹æéãªã©ã®æ¡ä»¶ãç°ãªããŸãã
ããã§ã¯èªç©ºæ©ãªãŒã¹ãäŸã«ããŠããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã®å ·äœçãªã¹ããŒã ã解説ã
- ãªãŒã¹äŒç€Ÿãå¿åçµåãç«ã¡äžããæè³å®¶ïŒå¿åïŒããèªç©ºæ©è³Œå ¥ã®è³éãéãã
- æè³å®¶ããã®è³éãäžè¶³ããŠããå Žåã¯éèæ©é¢ããå·®é¡ãåãå ¥ãã
- åºè³éã»åå ¥éã䜿ã£ãŠèªç©ºæ©ã¡ãŒã«ãŒããèªç©ºæ©ãè³Œå ¥ãã
- è³Œå ¥ããèªç©ºæ©ã§èªç©ºäŒç€ŸãšãªãŒã¹å¥çŽãçµã³ããªãŒã¹äŒç€ŸããªãŒã¹æãåŸã
- ãªãŒã¹æéæºäºæã«èªç©ºäŒç€ŸãŸãã¯åžå Žãèªç©ºæ©ãè²·ãäžããå©çãæè³å®¶ã«åé ããã
æ³äººæè³å®¶ããã®åºè³ã ãã§ãªããéèæ©é¢ããã®åå ¥éãå«ããŠãªãŒã¹è³ç£ã®è³Œå ¥ãè¡ãããããããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã¯ã¬ãã¬ããžããªãŒã¹ãšãåŒã°ããŸãã
ã¬ãã¬ããžã«ãã£ãŠå€é¡ã®æžäŸ¡ååŽè²»ãåºè³å幎床ã«èšäžã§ããããšãããçªçºçãªå©çã®ç¹°ãå»¶ã¹ã«æå¹ã§ãããšããŠå€ãã®æ³äººã§å©çšãããŠããŸãã
ãã¡ã€ãã³ã¹ãªãŒã¹ãšã®éã
ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ãšåãããŠç¥ã£ãŠããããã®ãããã¡ã€ãã³ã¹ãªãŒã¹ãšãããªãŒã¹ååŒã§ãã
ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ãšãã¡ã€ãã³ã¹ãªãŒã¹ã¯ã©ã¡ãããªãŒã¹ååŒã®1ã€ã§ããããã®ä»çµã¿ã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®ãããªéãããããŸãã
ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ååŒ | ãã¡ã€ãã³ã¹ãªãŒã¹ååŒ | |
ãªãŒã¹æã®èšç®æ¹æ³ | ãã³ãã«ãã€ã¢ãŠãæ¹åŒïŒãªãŒã¹æéäžã«ãããç©ä»¶ã®äŸ¡å€ã«åãããŠãªãŒã¹æãèšå®ïŒ | ãã«ãã€ã¢ãŠãæ¹åŒïŒç©ä»¶ã«ãããè²»çšã®å šé¡ãšãªããããªãŒã¹æãèšå®ïŒ |
éäžè§£çŽ | ååäžå¯ | äžå¯ |
æžäŸ¡ååŽã®æ¹æ³ | å®çæ³ | å®é¡æ³ |
çžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã®åŒãäžããè¡ãã«ã¯ãæžäŸ¡ååŽè²»ã倧ããèšäžããŠèª²çšæåŸãæžå°ãããããšãéèŠã§ãã
ãã®ãããå®é¡æ³ã§æžäŸ¡ååŽããããã¡ã€ãã³ã¹ãªãŒã¹ã¯çžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã®å¯Ÿçã«ã¯åããŸããã
ç¯çšãç®çãšããŠæè³ãè¡ãå Žåã¯ããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã§ããããšã確èªããããã«ããŸãããã
ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã«ããæ ªäŸ¡ã®æžå°
ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ãçžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã®åŒãäžãã«æå¹ãšèšãããŠããã®ã¯ãèšäžã§ããæžäŸ¡ååŽè²»ãéåžžã«å€§ããããã§ãã
ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã掻çšããå Žåãåºè³å幎床ãã2ã»3幎ç®ãŸã§ã«ãåºè³é¡ã®100ïŒ ãæžäŸ¡ååŽè²»ãšããŠèšäžããããšãã§ããŸãã
éåžžãè»äž¡ã建ç©ãªã©ã®åºå®è³ç£ãè³Œå ¥ããå Žåã¯ååŸäŸ¡é¡ã«å¯ŸããŠæžäŸ¡ååŽãè¡ããŸãã
ããããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã®å Žåã¯ãéèæ©é¢ããã®åå ¥éã«ãã£ãŠã¬ãã¬ããžãããã£ãŠãããããåºè³éããã倧ããªéé¡ã«å¯ŸããŠæžäŸ¡ååŽãè¡ãããã®ã§ãã
ãã®ããå幎床ããå€é¡ã®æžäŸ¡ååŽè²»ãæéç®å ¥ã§ããäžæçã«äŒç€Ÿã®è©äŸ¡ãäžããããšãå¯èœãšãªããŸãã
ãããŠäŒç€Ÿã®è©äŸ¡ïŒçžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ïŒãäžãã£ãã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã§äºæ¥æ¿ç¶ãè¡ãããšã§ãæ ªåŒç§»è»¢ã«ãããçžç¶çšã»èŽäžçšã倧ããæãããããšããä»çµã¿ã§ãã
ãŸããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã«ããæžäŸ¡ååŽè²»ã¯ç¹å¥æå€±ã®æ±ããšãªããäŒç€Ÿã®å¶æ¥å©çã«ã¯ããºãä»ããªãç¹ãã¡ãªããã®1ã€ã§ãã
äºæ¥æ¿ç¶ã«ãããçžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã®èšç®
äžå°äŒæ¥ã§ã®äºæ¥æ¿ç¶ã«ãããçžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã®èšç®ã¯ããé¡äŒŒæ¥çš®æ¯æºæ¹åŒããšãçŽè³ç£äŸ¡é¡æ¹åŒãã®ããããããããã¯åæ¹ãæ··åããŠè¡ãå Žåã®3çš®é¡ããããŸãã
ç¶ããŠãããããã®èšç®æ¹åŒã®ç¹åŸŽãšãçžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã®åŒãäžãã«æå¹ãªæ¹åŒã®éžã³æ¹ã«ã€ããŠè©³ããèŠãŠãããŸãããã
é¡äŒŒæ¥çš®æ¯æºæ¹åŒ
é¡äŒŒæ¥çš®æ¯æºæ¹åŒãšã¯ãéäžå Žæ ªåŒã®æ ªäŸ¡ãèšç®ããéã«ãæ¥çš®ããšã®æšæºçãªæ ªäŸ¡ãããšã«ããèšç®æ¹æ³ã§ãã
éåžžãçžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã¯è³ç£ããè² åµãå·®ãåŒããçŽè³ç£ã®é¡ãæ ªåŒæ°ã§å²ãããšã§ç®åºãããŸãã
ããããã®å Žåãå²ãã®ããäŒç€Ÿã§ã¯åœç¶ãªããçŽè³ç£ãé«ããªããããåãããŠçžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ãé«ããªã£ãŠããŸãå¯èœæ§ãããã®ã§ãã
é¡äŒŒæ¥çš®æ¯æºæ¹åŒãå©çšããã°ãäžå ŽäŒæ¥ã®æ ªäŸ¡ã«ããšã¥ããèšç®ãè¡ããããããé©åãªçžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ãæ±ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãŸãçŽè³ç£ã§è©äŸ¡ãè¡ãå Žåãšæ¯èŒããŠãé¡äŒŒæ¥çš®æ¯æºæ¹åŒã§ã¯çžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ãäœããªããããåŸåããããŸãã
çŽè³ç£äŸ¡é¡æ¹åŒ
çŽè³ç£äŸ¡é¡æ¹åŒãšã¯ããäŒç€Ÿãè§£æ£ãããšä»®å®ãããšãã«æ ªäž»ãžåé ãããéé¡ããçžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ãšããèšç®æ¹æ³ã§ãã
éåžžãäŒç€Ÿãè§£æ£ããå Žåã¯æž ç®ãè¡ãããäŒç€Ÿãä¿æããè³ç£ã»è² åµã®æäŸ¡è©äŸ¡ã«ããšã¥ããŠå£²åŽçãé²ããããŸãã
ãããŠè³ç£ã®çŸéåãå®äºããåŸãæçµçãªè²¡ç£ãæ ªäž»ã«åé ããããšã§è§£æ£ãšãªããŸãã
ã€ãŸããäŒç€ŸãæäŸ¡è©äŸ¡ã§å£²åŽããŠåŸãå©çããäŒç€Ÿã®çžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã®ç·é¡ã«ãªããšããããšã§ãã
ãã®å Žåããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã§å€é¡ã®æžäŸ¡ååŽè²»ãèšäžããŠèµ€åãäœãããšã§ãæäŸ¡è©äŸ¡ãäžããŠçžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ãäœãèšå®ã§ããŸãã
äºæ¥æ¿ç¶ã«æå©ãªã®ã¯ã©ã£ã¡ïŒ
äžå ŽäŒæ¥ãšåçã®èŠæš¡ã®äŒç€Ÿã§ããã°é¡äŒŒæ¥çš®æ¯æºæ¹åŒãèŠæš¡ãå°ããå Žåã¯çŽè³ç£äŸ¡é¡æ¹åŒãå©çšããã®ãäžè¬çã§ãã
ãŸãäžèŠæš¡ã®äŒç€Ÿã®å Žåã¯é¡äŒŒæ¥çš®æ¯æºæ¹åŒãšçŽè³ç£äŸ¡é¡æ¹åŒãæè¡·ããŠè©äŸ¡ããããšã«ãªããŸãã
äŒç€Ÿåºåããšã®æ ªäŸ¡ã®è©äŸ¡æ¹åŒã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
äŒç€Ÿåºå | è©äŸ¡æ¹åŒ |
倧äŒç€Ÿ | é¡äŒŒæ¥çš®æ¯æºæ¹åŒ ãŸã㯠1æ ªãããã®çŽè³ç£äŸ¡é¡ |
äžäŒç€ŸïŒå€§ïŒ | é¡äŒŒæ¥çš®æ¯æºæ¹åŒÃ0.90+1æ ªãããã®çŽè³ç£äŸ¡é¡Ã0.10 ãŸã㯠1æ ªãããã®çŽè³ç£äŸ¡é¡ |
äžäŒç€ŸïŒäžïŒ | é¡äŒŒæ¥çš®æ¯æºæ¹åŒÃ0.75+1æ ªãããã®çŽè³ç£äŸ¡é¡Ã0.25 ãŸã㯠1æ ªãããã®çŽè³ç£äŸ¡é¡ |
äžäŒç€ŸïŒå°ïŒ | é¡äŒŒæ¥çš®æ¯æºæ¹åŒÃ0.60+1æ ªãããã®çŽè³ç£äŸ¡é¡Ã0.40 ãŸã㯠1æ ªãããã®çŽè³ç£äŸ¡é¡ |
å°äŒç€Ÿ | é¡äŒŒæ¥çš®æ¯æºæ¹åŒÃ0.50+1æ ªãããã®çŽè³ç£äŸ¡é¡Ã0.50 ãŸã㯠1æ ªãããã®çŽè³ç£äŸ¡é¡ |
åºæ¬çã«ã¯äž¡æ¹ã®æ¹åŒã§çžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ãèšç®ããè©äŸ¡ãå®ãæ¹ãéžæãããšããèãæ¹ã«ãªããŸãã
ãã ããé¡äŒŒæ¥çš®æ¯æºæ¹åŒã®æ¹ãå®ããªã£ãå ŽåãäžäŒç€Ÿä»¥äžã¯çŽè³ç£äŸ¡é¡æ¹åŒãšæè¡·ããªããã°ãªããŸããã
æè¡·ãããšãã®çžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ãèžãŸããäŒç€Ÿã«ãšã£ãŠæå©ã«ãªãæ¹ãéžæããŸãããã
ç¯çšå¯ŸçãšããŠãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã掻çšããã¡ãªãã
ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã掻çšããããšã§çžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ãåŒãäžãããåŸã«æ ªåŒç§»è»¢ãè¡ããããšãåãããŸããã
ãã®ä»ã«ãããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã«ã¯æ§ã ãªã¡ãªããããããŸãã
æåŸã«ããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã®æŽ»çšã§åŸãããç¯çšé¢ä»¥å€ã®ã¡ãªããã«ã€ããŠè©³ããèŠãŠãããŸãããã
äºæ¥æ¿ç¶ã絡ããåºå£æŠç¥ãå¯èœ
ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã¯å©çã®èšäžãå å»¶ã°ãã«ããããã®ææ³ã§ãããæçµçã«ã¯çéãšããŠèšäžããªããã°ãªããŸããã
ãã®çéã«å¯Ÿããç¯çšçãšããŠæå¹ãªã®ããäºæ¥æ¿ç¶ã«ãšããªãçŸç€Ÿé·ã®éè·éãšã®çžæ®ºã§ãã
åºè³ã«ãã£ãŠçžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ãäžããããã§æ ªåŒç§»è»¢ãè¡ããåé éãå ¥ãã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã§åéããŠéè·è²»çšãšçžæ®ºãããšããã®ãããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã®å¹æçãªäœ¿ãæ¹ã§ãã
1åã®æ¯æãã§å®äºãã
æ³äººçšã®ç¯çšå¯ŸçãšããŠãçåœä¿éºã®å å ¥ãè¡ãäŒæ¥ãå°ãªããããŸããã
ãããä¿éºã®å Žåã¯ç¶ç¶çã«ä¿éºæã®æ¯æããå¿ èŠãšãªããããç¿å¹ŽåºŠä»¥éã®å©çã«ãã£ãŠã¯ä¿éºæã®æ¯æããè² æ ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãå¯èœæ§ãã
äžæ¹ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ãžã®åºè³ã¯åºæ¬çã«1åã®ã¿ã§å®äºãããããç¿å¹ŽåºŠä»¥éã®å©çã«åœ±é¿ãããªããšããã¡ãªããããããŸãã
æè³ã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ããªãŒã¹æéã®éžå®ã¯æ éã«
ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã§ã¯ãåºè³ããç©ä»¶ã«ãã£ãŠæäœåºè³é¡ããªãŒã¹æéã«ä»¥äžã®ãããªéãããããŸãã
èªç©ºæ© | è¹è¶ | ã³ã³ãã | |
æäœåºè³é¡ | 3,000äžå | 3,000äžå | 1,000äžå |
ãªãŒã¹æé | 8幎ïœ12幎 | 6幎ïœ10幎 | 5幎ïœ7幎 |
éèŠå€å®ã®ææš | äžçäººå£ | ãã«ããã¯æµ·éææ° | GDPæé·çã»äº€æä¿æ° |
䟡å€ã®å€å | éèŠãé«ãããæ¯èŒçå®å®ããŠãã | å€åãæ¿ãã | æè¡é©æ°ãèµ·ãããªãããäžèœãã«ãã |
ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã¯åºè³è åŽã§ã®éäžè§£çŽãã§ããªãããšãããäºæ¥æ¿ç¶ã«åãããå Žåã¯å¥çŽæéãæ éã«éžæããå¿ èŠãããã§ãããã
äžè¬çã«ãäºæ¥æ¿ç¶ã®å Žåã¯å¥çŽæéãçãååã®æ¹ã人æ°ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã
ãŸãšã
- ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã¯åºè³å幎床ã«å€é¡ã®æžäŸ¡ååŽè²»ãèšäžã§ãããããçžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã®åŒãäžãã«å¹æç
- çžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã®èšç®ã«ã¯é¡äŒŒæ¥çš®æ¯æºæ¹åŒãšçŽè³ç£äŸ¡é¡æ¹åŒããããè©äŸ¡é¡ãå®ããªãæ¹ãéžæãããšè¯ã
- ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ãªãäºæ¥æ¿ç¶ã«ããåºå£æŠç¥ãæãããããçžç¶çšè©äŸ¡é¡ã®åŒãäžã以å€ã«ãç¯çšã¡ãªããããã
ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã§ç¯çšã¡ãªãããåŸãã«ã¯ãåºè³ããã¿ã€ãã³ã°ãšåé éãå ¥ããŸã§ã®æééžã³ãéèŠã§ãã
æ£ããæŽ»çšããã°äºæ¥æ¿ç¶ã«ãããçšé察çãšããŠéåžžã«æå¹ãªã®ã§ãæ ªåŒç§»è»¢ããèãã®æ¹ã¯ãã²äžåºŠæ€èšããŠã¿ãŠãã ãããã
ãååããã ããã
ã²ãããã®çªå£ã¯ãããŸã§
äžå¯èœã ã£ãå
šãŠã®
ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹æ¡ä»¶ã
ã玹ä»ã§ããæ°ãã代çåºã§ãã
å®éã«ãèªèº«ã®ç®ã§æã奜æ¡ä»¶
ãã€çŽåŸã§ããæ¡ä»¶ã
確èªããŠã¿ãŸãããïŒ

â»ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªãŒã¹ã«é¢ãããèå³ãããã°äºçްãªãçžè«ã§ãæ§ããŸããã
